🔌 1. LED Blinking Circuit

 

🔌 1. LED Blinking Circuit

• What you learn: Basics of resistors, LEDs, and breadboards.

• Components: 1 LED, 1 resistor (220Ω), 1 battery (9V), jumper wires.

• Goal: Make the LED blink on and off manually or using a 555 timer IC.

---

🔋 2. Light-Activated Switch (LDR Circuit)

• What you learn: How light sensors (LDRs) work.

• Components: LDR, transistor (BC547), LED, resistor, 9V battery.

• Goal: LED turns ON in the dark and OFF in bright light.

---

🔈 3. Clap Switch

• What you learn: Use of sound sensors and transistors.

• Components: Microphone, transistor, relay, LED/bulb.

• Goal: Turn a light ON or OFF by clapping.

---

💡 4. Automatic Street Light

• What you learn: Sensor-based automation.

• Components: LDR, transistor, relay, LED lamp.

• Goal: Light automatically turns ON at night and OFF in the morning.

---

🔁 5. 555 Timer LED Flasher

• What you learn: How a 555 timer IC works in astable mode.

• Components: 555 timer IC, resistors, capacitor, LED, 9V battery.

• Goal: Create a continuous LED blinking pattern.

---

🔊 6. Simple Buzzer Alarm

• What you learn: Sound generation using buzzers.

• Components: Buzzer, switch, battery, resistor, transistor.

• Goal: Buzzer sounds when a switch or sensor triggers it.

---

🌡️ 7. Temperature Sensor Circuit

• What you learn: Using temperature sensors like LM35.

• Components: LM35 sensor, LED, resistor, transistor, battery.

• Goal: LED turns ON when temperature exceeds a set limit.

---

🔥 8. Fire Detection System

• What you learn: Sensor interfacing for safety circuits.

• Components: Flame sensor, buzzer, transistor, resistor, 9V battery.

• Goal: Buzzer sounds when fire is detected.

---

⚙️ 9. Mini Power Supply

• What you learn: Voltage regulation and power management.

• Components: Transformer, bridge rectifier, capacitor, 7805 regulator.

• Goal: Convert 230V AC to 5V DC output for powering small circuits.